Tech Desk: A new report from the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) reveals that India possesses enough weapons-grade plutonium to produce an estimated 140 to 225 nuclear warheads, significantly exceeding its currently assessed operational arsenal of 190. This finding, detailed in the ‘India’s Nuclear Weapons – 2026’ study, underscores India’s ongoing modernization of its nuclear capabilities.

The report highlights India’s rapid development of new weapon systems, including advanced aircraft, land-based ballistic missiles, and sea-based platforms, with at least two more systems nearing completion. This expansion is supported by India’s robust fissile material production. The ageing Dhruva reactor has historically been a primary source of weapons-grade plutonium, but the recently critical Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam could dramatically increase production, potentially yielding enough plutonium for 35 warheads annually.

While India maintains a doctrine of credible minimum deterrence and no first use, its expanding nuclear potential positions it firmly as a major global power. The FAS analysis estimates India has assembled up to 190 warheads, with a substantial reserve of plutonium. This contrasts with Pakistan’s estimated 170 warheads, further illustrating the evolving strategic landscape in South Asia. The continuous enhancement of India’s nuclear infrastructure suggests a steady, strategic build-up of its deterrent capabilities.